· Hardware :-
Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer from which a computer is constructed that can be seen and touched.
· Software :-
A computer can not deny job job with just the hardware device without software, hardware unless; it needs a set of instructions to start work. The set of instructions given to the computer is called a program and set of program is called software. Software is tells the computer how to perform tasks and what to do. Software can not be seen or tuched.
Software are basically of two types:-
i. System software:-
This software is also known as system package. It is a set of one or more program, designed to control the operation of computer system. System software are serves the interface between the user, the application software and the computers hardware and the computer hardware such accessories device as communication, printers, readers, displays, key-board etc. it runs the computer hardware and computer system . for example- operating system.
ii. Application software:-
This software is known as application page. It is a set of one or more programs designed to perform (carryout) specific operation (tasks) such as word. Processing , electronics spread sheet calculations, data base management and presentation graphics for the users that tells a computer how to product information.
· Computer languages:-
Computer languages or programming languages consist of a set of instructions that’s instruct the computer hardware to perform a specific task. Computer language are classified into three types :-
They are –
I. Machine languages
II. Assembly languages
III. High-level languages
i. Machine language :-
Machine languages that the computers can understand this languages is mode of just the two digits 0 and 1 . the instruction and data are represented and stored in computer using combinations of 0s and 1s . the speed of execution of machine language instruction is very-high. This is the advantage of using machine languages. However, it is very difficult to do programming in machine language because to represent each instructions. You need to remember the operate combination of 0s and 1s.
ii. Assembly languages :-
As It was very difficult to do programming in machin language, a new language called assembly language was invented. The assembly language is easy to remember and use. It uses numeric codes. A mnermonic is an alphabetical abrbreviation used to remember instruction. In assembly language, it is esire to rewrite instruction. For example- ADDA, B is an instruction to add two numbers. Here, ADD is operation to be performed and is known as an operation code. A and B are called the addresses of the operand operands are the value that tak part in the operation. In the example, A and B represent the location in the memory where the number to be add or stored. A is the location of the second number.
Through it is easier to write assembly language perform the computer can not understand it. It can under stand only machine language that is, It can understand only 0s and 1s. there for you need software called the assembly to convert assembly language program to machine language program . while assembly language program are easy to write compared to machine language programs , it is stilled difficult to remember the operation code.
iii. High-level Language:-
The machine language and the assembly language are feferd to as low level language . the disadvantage with these language that it is very difficult to remember the instructions. Programs needed an English like language for programming that was easier to remember. They wanted a language that is similer to spoken English. Thus high –level language were developed that are easy to remember and use. It is a language for writing a computer looks like a human language and is there for easier to understand. The various high level language are – C, C++ etc . in this language , instructuion looks sentences in English . high level language follows a set a rule that specific to the language. These sts of rules are called syntax. Like assembly language programs the high – level programs also converted to machine language. Software such a compilers and interpreters are used to convert high-level programs to machine language programs.
